boissier



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.) 2

H. R. BOISSIER.

OUT-OUT FOR ELECTRIC ARC-LAMPS. No. 310,788. Patented Jan. 13,1885.

INVENTOR 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

. (No Model.)

H. R. BOISSIER.

GUT-OUT FOR ELECTRIC ARC LAMPS.

No. 310,783. Patented 18111.13, 1885.

W'I TJVESSES By 7281; Attorney WW WQM;

UNITED STATES PATENT @EEICE.

HERMANN R. BOISSIER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

CUT-OUT FOR ELECTRIC-ARC LAM SPECIFICATION forming part of LettersPatent No. 310,783, dated January 13, 1885.

Application filed March 5, 'l8-3. (No model.) Patented in EnglandJanuary 2-2, N83, No. 361; in France January 22, 18%, No.

153,254; in Belgium January 22, 1883, No. 60,234; in Germany January ToaZZ whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, HERMANN It. Borssrnu, of New York city. in thecounty of New York and State of New York. have invented a new and usefulimprovement in Electric Lights; and I do hereby declare that thefollowing is a full and exact description of the same, reference beinghad to the accompanying drawings, and .to the letters of referencemarked thereon.

WVhen a number of voltaic-arc lamps are used in one electric circuit,conditions sometimes arise which make it desirable that a lamp be cutout of the circuit, and in such 1 5 manner that the circuit to theremaining lamps be left intact. The condition making this desirablewhich is the most frequently to be remedied is a failure of the arcitself, arising either from total consumption of carbon in the 2 lamp orfrom failure of the feeding devices to properly feed the carbons towardeach other. If such condition were not at once remedied, there would bean immediate extinguishment of all lamps in the circuit; hence, asstated,

when such a contingency happens, the lamp should be immediately cut outof the circuit, while at the same time the circuit to the remaininglamps is preserved.

The accomplishment of such a result is the 0 object of this invention,to which end it consists in the peculiar devices and novel arrangementof circuit-connections more particularly hereinafter described andclaimed.

In carrying the invention into practice a 5 first shunt-circuit to thecarbons is provided containing a hollow or axial electromagnet and anadjustable resistance to control the relative proportion of currentpassing through,

the shunt. The core of this axial electromagnet is shorter than thelength of the magnet, and, fitting loosely within it, rests at the lowerend thereof when the magnet is not charged or only feebly charged. Theresistance in this circuit is so adjusted that when 4 5 the properdistance between the points of the carbons is preserved the amount ofthe current passing through this first shunt and around the magnet shallbe insufficient to mag- 24, 1883, No. QGASD, and in Austria May U, 1983,

netize it powerfully enough for it to lift its core to a centralposition within it. \Vith this relation existing, if the distancebetween the carbons be increased, causing increased resistance in thedirect lampcircuit, a greater proportion of current passes around themagnet, energizing it more strongly until, when the predetermineddistance apart of the carbons has been reach ed,enough current flowsaround the magnet to energize it sufficiently to lift its core, whichcontrols a second shunt-circuit. This second shunt-circuit contains apiece of fusible wire that is, a wire which is a c011- ductor of afeeble current, but readily heated and fused by a more powerful current.This shunt is normally broken by alever or spring falling or springingaway from a contact-point or anvil, against which it is raised orpressed by the core of the magnet in the first circuit when the core islifted by the magnet. Such closure of this second shunt-circuit isfollowed by the immediate fusion of the fusible wire which normally helda lever in a third shunt-circuit away from its contact or anvil, and ofcourse upon the fusion this lever contacts with the anvil, completingthe third shunt circuit, which is a plain shunt-circuit around thecarbons. This general description will be better understood by referenceto the drawings, in which Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view showing therelative arrangement of circuits and de vices disassociated from theother mechanism of a lamp. Fig. 2 is a plan view showing the cut-out inposition with the regulating devices of a lamp, and Fig. 3 is a top viewof the cutout.

The regulator shown in Fig. 2 is one for which I made prior applicationfor a patent, and it is not shown or described herein, it beingunderstood that the cutout which forms the subject-matter of this casemay be used with any form of regulator.

In the drawings, 1 2 represent the main electric circuit, 1 being inconnection with the carbon C, and 2 in connection with the carbon G.

3 3 is a shunt-circuit thereto containing an adjustable resistance, R,and a hollow or axial magnet, llLwhose core A is somewhat shorter thanthe magnet, and rests normally upon the bottom of the magnet or upon itsbase. At its upper end it is provided with a projection or pin, a, uponwhich rests the free end of a lever, L, (which may be a spring) includedin a second shunt-circuit, l. 5, in which is also included a piece ofwire, T7, capable of conducting a feeble current, but which shall. beimmediately heated to fusion by the passage of a more powerful current.In this shuntcircuit l 5 there is normally a break betweethe lever L andits contact or anvil c.

6 7 is a third shunt-circuit, in which is included a lever, B, and itsanvil or contact 13, a spring, S, tending constantly to press 1) againstB, from which it is held. however, (against the stress olthe springs) bythewi relv.

In Figs. 2 and 3 are clearly shown a mo chanical construction andrelation oi these parts suitable for carrying the invention into eiiect,and which is readily understani'iable from the detailed descriptionhcreinbetorc given. It evident, however, that the construction of thedetails may be varied without departing from the spirit of theinvention, which requires only that the various devices and circuitsshall bear to each other the relation electrically shown in l.

The operation of these devices as l'ollows: Upon the separation of thecarbons to such a degree that a large resistance is oliered to thecurrent, or when one is consumed, so that there is no path whatever forthe current through the lightgiving portion, the current is entirely orto a large degree shunted through 3 M 3, causing M to raise to a can acarries L against 0, closing the second shunt, 4 \V 5. This new circuit,being of little noint tral position within itself, whereupon the pin pred to 3 3d 3, takes most of the current, and.

then forms a permanent shunt around C C, so that the remaindcrof theseries is not affected by the failure of (J 0. its the bit of fusiblewire w was held in position by the screwso o, it may readily bereplaced, and should be whenever the cause of failure of the are between(l G has been remedied.

it is to be noted that the shunt-circuit 8 M 3 is never broken, and thatits operativcness depends simply on its resistance relatively to othercircuits.

lfhat I claim is 1. The combination of the main circuit of an electriclamp with three shunt-circuits, one containing a magnet and adjustableresistance, one containing a 'l'usible wire, and one c0nraining amahe-and-break mechanism, each of said shuntcircuits being arrangedrelatively to each other, substantially as shown and set l'erth.

The combination, in an electric lamp, of a shunt-circuit containing ann'ilie-and-break cut-oat with a second shunt including a fusiconductorand a normally-open circnitcloser, and a third shunt-circuitcontainingan i electre-magnet all arranged substantially as described, whereby thesecond shunt is closed by the action of the clectro-magnct due to anabnormal How of current in the third shunt, and the llrst shunt ispermitted to close by the rupture of the fusible conductor in the secondshunt, thereby establishing a path oi low resislane around the lamp.

5. in an electric lamp or regulator, the combination of the resistancell, hollow electromagnet Ill, movable core A, lever L, contact- 1 c,fusible wire N, contact point 13, spring-contact D. with the necessarycircuits,

1 arranged substantial ly as shown and described.

This specification signed and witnessed this 13th day 01' October, 1882.

l'llfll'tlf All it. BOISSIE'I. ll'itncsscs:

A. nimoux, V. lE-rrscnv.

